![]() ![]() Ebert, Magnesium – properties – applications – potential. Although these two shiny, metal spheres have about the same mass, one has a diameter significantly smaller than the other, making their densities vastly. Bhadeshia, Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice, 3rd edn. Brüx, Microstructures and mechanical properties of high-strength Fe-Mn-Al-C light-weight TRIPLEX steels. Ishida, High-strength fe-20mn-al-c-based alloys with low density. Polatoglou, Structural energy-volume relations in first-row transition metals. Heuer, Orientation dependence of nitrogen supersaturation in austenitic stainless steel during low-temperature gas-phase nitriding. Dong, S-phase surface engineering of Fe-Cr, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys. Heitler, On phase-change processes in iron-silicon alloys. Yap, Critical study of some iron-rich iron-silicon alloys. Kim, Brittle intermetallic compound makes ultrastrong low-density steel with large ductility. Schmatz, Formation of beta manganese-type structure in iron-aluminium-manganese alloys. So the volume-weighted density would be a minimum of approximately 7795 kg / m 3. The maximum carbon concentration in a steel, by definition, is close to 2.14 weight percent, whereas in cementite is 6.67 weight percent. Arapova, Phase composition, structure and properties of low-density steel 9G28Yu9MVB. For steels the maximum amount of cementite is approximately 32 by volume, from a tie-line construction on the phase diagram. Kayak, Fe-Mn-Al precipitation hardening austenitic alloys. Gan, Effect of alloying chemistry on the lattice constants of austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys. The formula for the weight of steel pipe is: weight × (diameter/2) - (diameter/2 - thickness) × length × density of steel, where the density of steel can have a value of 7.88 g/cm for mild steel, 7.84 g/cm for carbon steel, or 8.03 g/cm for stainless steel. ![]() Jones, Constitution and magnetic properties of iron-rich iron-aluminum alloys. Suh, Interaction of aluminium with hydrogen in twinning-induced plasticity steel. Giardini, Absolute measurement of the density of silicon crystals in vacuum for a determination of the Avogadro constant. Wallace, The densities of magnesium-cadmium solid solutions. Matthews (University of Arizona Press, Arizona, 1988), pp. ![]() Lewis, Origin and composition of Mercury, in Mercury, ed. Mossman, An environmental chemistry experiment. Hogness, The surface tensions and densities of liquid mercury, cadmium, zinc, lead, tin and bismuth. Arblaster, Crystallographic properties of osmium. I'd also caution that there are more complex phenomena to consider such as phase changes, diffusion, as well as other thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena that govern how steels form microstructures and phases, and which will definitely have an effect on the densities.J.W. Finally I would caution that the numbers are theoretical for austenite, as plain-carbon steel, pure, retained austenite should be practically impossible to produce in bulk. The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states: no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other element to be added. They may also be adjusted by considering the densities of substitutional alloy additions. Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05 up to 2.1 percent by weight. ![]() These numbers may be adjusted for temperature using coefficients of linear expansion cubed for the volume change (assuming linearity). However in austenite there is at most 2% by weight of carbon in solution at $1130\:\textrm^3$. C, N, add mass as they do not replace Fe lattice sites but instead fit between them, increasing mass without increasing volume, therefore increasing density. Density of austenite is fairly straightforward: it is approximately the atom-weighted sum of the face-centered cubic densities of the substitutional constituents as the microstructure consists of a single phase. There is a lot more going on in this question than appears at first glance. ![]()
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